Mayelana noMlobi
UDkt. Liu Wei, Umqondisi we-R&D e-Ruifengyuan Stone
I-PhD kwiSayensi Yezinto Ezisetshenziswayo ngobuchwepheshe bokwenza amatshe. Yakha imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisa ukubaza kwendabuko kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwe-CNC kumaphrojekthi okwakha angaphezu kuka-180. Yashicilela ucwaningo ngamaphethini okugqoka amathuluzi ekushiseni amatshe ku-Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Izinto Ezibalulekile ze-TL;DR
- I-inlay yensimbi ye-Waterjet ihlanganisa ukusika kwe-waterjet okukhuhlayo nokufakwa kwensimbi okunembile ukudala phansi kwamatshe okuhlobisa
- Ithusi, insimbi engagqwali, kanye nethusi yizinsimbi ezivame kakhulu ukufakwa ngaphakathi, ngayinye inikeza izici ezihlukile zokubonakala nokuqina
- Inqubo ye-waterjet inquma izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwetshe nensimbi ngokunemba kuze kufike ku-±0.3mm ngaphandle kwezindawo ezithintekile ekushiseni.
- Ukuhlela ukufakwa okufanele kanye nokulungiselela i-substrate kubalulekile ekuqineni kwesikhathi eside kwe-inlay
Ukufakwa kwensimbi ye-Waterjetimelela ukuhlangana okuyinkimbinkimbi kobuchwepheshe bokwenza amatshe kanye nomklamo wobuciko. Le ndlela isebenzisa ukusika i-waterjet ecindezela kakhulu ukudala imigodi eqondile phansi kwamatshe, lapho kufakwa khona imichilo yensimbi, izimo, noma amaphethini ukuze kwakhiwe ukwakheka kokuhlobisa. Umphumela uguqula phansi kwamatshe avamile abe imisebenzi yobuciko eyenziwe ngokwezifiso echaza uhlobo lwezindlela zokungena, izindawo zokuphumula, kanye nezikhala zesici. Ngokungafani nezinto zensimbi ezifakwe ebusweni, ukufakwa kwe-waterjet kuba izingxenye ezibalulekile zobuso bamatshe, okuhlala isikhathi eside sokufakwa kwephansi.
Inqubo Yokusika I-Waterjet Yamatshe Nensimbi
Ukusika ijethi yamanzi e-abrasive kusebenza ngokucindezela amanzi abe yi-60,000 PSI (414 MPa) bese kuhlanganiswa nezinhlayiya ze-garnet abrasive. Umfudlana wejethi ophumelayo usika itshe nensimbi ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukushisa, ususa ukuphambuka kokushisa kanye nezinguquko zempahla ezenzeka ngokusika nge-laser noma nge-plasma. Ngomsebenzi wokufaka insimbi, ijethi yamanzi isika kokubili isisekelo setshe kanye nezingcezu ze-inlay zensimbi ezivela kufayela elifanayo lomklamo wedijithali, okuqinisekisa ukulingana okuphelele phakathi kwezinto.
Ukunemba kokusika okungu-±0.3mm kuvumela izingcezu zephethini eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi zihlangane kahle ngaphandle kwezikhala ezibonakalayo. Ijethi yamanzi ingasika ubukhulu bamatshe obufika ku-150mm kanye nobukhulu bensimbi obufika ku-50mm ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuhambisana nohlu oluphelele lwezinto ezisetshenziswa emsebenzini wokuhlobisa ongaphakathi.I-ASTM InternationalI-standard E1258 inikeza izindlela zokuhlola zokuhlola ukusebenza kokusika i-waterjet ezintweni zamatshe nezensimbi.
Ukukhethwa Kwensimbi Kwezicelo Zokufaka Iphansi
Ithusi liyinsimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni phansi kwamatshe ngenxa yombala walo ofudumele wegolide, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ama-alloy ethusi okwakha anokuqukethwe kwethusi okungu-60–70% anikeza ibhalansi engcono kakhulu yokuqina kokusika kanye nokuguquguquka kokufakwa. Ukufakwa kwethusi kuthuthukisa i-patina yemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abaklami abaningi abayithandayo ekuqedeni kwayo okukhanyayo kwasekuqaleni.
Insimbi engagqwali inikeza ukuqina okuphezulu kwezicelo zokungena kwezentengiselwano ezinabantu abaningi. Insimbi engagqwali yohlobo lwe-304, enobunzima obungu-200 HB, imelana nokuklwebheka futhi igcina ukubukeka kwayo kwesiliva unomphela ngokunakekelwa okuncane. Ukumelana okuphezulu kokusika kwensimbi engagqwali kudinga amazinga okuphakelwa kwamanzi ahamba kancane—ngokuvamile ahamba kancane ngo-30–40% kunokusika ithusi elinobukhulu obulinganayo.
Ithusi linikeza imibala ebomvu ehlukile ehluke kakhulu nephansi lemabula elikhanyayo kanye ne-limestone. I-inlay yethusi idala i-vertigiris patina uma ivezwa kumakhemikhali omswakama kanye nokuhlanza, abanye abaklami abakushoyo ngemiphumela yobuhle basendulo noma basemaphandleni. Ngezicelo ezidinga ukuzinza kombala, i-inlay yethusi efakwe i-oxidized noma i-inlay yethusi evaliwe ivimbela ukukhula kwe-patina okungafuneki.
Izicelo Zokuklama kanye Nezinhlobo Zephethini
I-inlay yensimbi ye-Waterjet ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zezitayela zokuklama. Imingcele yejometri isebenzisa imichilo yensimbi eqondile neyi-engile, imiphetho yegumbi lohlaka futhi ichaza izindawo zethrafikhi. Amaphethini agobile agelezayo afaka imisindo yensimbi ngaphakathi kwama-medallion amatshe adala izindawo zokugxila zokungena.Ama-medallion emabula enziwe ngamatshe emvelo ane-inlay yensimbikusukela kumiklamo elula eyindilinga kuya ekwakhiweni kwezinto eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlanganisa imibala eminingana yamatshe nezinhlobo zensimbi ngaphakathi kwengxenye eyodwa.
Ama-logo nama-monogram enziwe ngokwezifiso avame ukwenziwa endaweni yokungena yensimbi ye-waterjet yezindawo zokwamukela izivakashi zezinkampani kanye nezindawo zokungenisa izivakashi ezinophawu. Ukunemba kwe-waterjet kuvumela umbhalo kanye nezinto zesithombe ezincane njenge-15mm ukuthi zisikwe ngokucacile kokubili etsheni nasensimbini. Ukunemba kokubhalisa phakathi kwezingxenye zetshe nezensimbi kuqinisekisa ukuthi imininingwane emincane ihlala icacile futhi ifundeka kahle ebangeni elijwayelekile lokubuka.
I-inlay yemabula yesitayela saseYurophu sakudala se-waterjetImiklamo ifaka izitayela zensimbi ngaphakathi kwemiklamo yendabuko ye-medallion ephefumulelwe ukuhlobisa kwezakhiwo ze-Renaissance kanye ne-Baroque. Lawa maphethini omlando asebenzisa insimbi ukugqamisa izakhi ezithile zomklamo—ukugcizelela umsebenzi wokuskrola, ukuchaza imingcele yejometri, kanye nokwengeza isisindo esibonakalayo kuma-motif aphakathi.
Izidingo Zokufakwa Kwephansi Lensimbi Ehlanganisiwe
Ukulungiswa kwe-substrate efanele kubalulekile ukuze i-waterjet metal inlay ihlale isikhathi eside. Isisekelo samatshe kumele sifakwe ku-slab yekhonkrithi eqinile noma phansi okuqiniswe kahle okuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphambuka ezincane ze-L/720 zamatshe emvelo. Imichilo yensimbi inlay kufanele ibekwe ku-epoxy adhesive eyenzelwe ukubopha izinto ezahlukene, njengoba izimbotshana ezijwayelekile ze-thinset azibophi ngokwethembeka ezindaweni zensimbi.
Umehluko wokwanda kokushisa phakathi kwetshe nensimbi udinga ukuhlela ukufakwa ngokucophelela. Ithusi nethusi kwanda cishe kabili kunemabula ngezinga lokushintsha kokushisa. Ezindaweni ezilawulwa yisimo sezulu sangaphakathi, lo mehluko ungalawuleka emiklamo eminingi yokufakwa ngaphakathi. Ezindaweni ezingaphansi kokushintsha kokushisa, amalunga okunwetshwa abekwe ngezikhawu zamamitha ayi-6 avumela ukunyakaza kokungafani ngaphandle kokucindezela ukufakwa ngaphakathi.
Izinqubo zokufaka i-grout zokufaka insimbi ziyahluka ekufakweni kwamatshe ajwayelekile. Umbala we-grout kufanele ufane netshe noma insimbi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kokubona. I-grout ye-epoxy iyanconywa ekufakweni kwensimbi ngoba inikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kwamabala kanye nokunamathela okungcono kokubili ezindaweni zamatshe nezinsimbi kune-grout esimende. Amalunga e-grout anobubanzi obungu-1–2mm alinganisa ukucwengisiswa kokubona ngesidingo sesakhiwo.
Ukugcinwa Kwezindawo Zokufaka Insimbi
Ukufakwa kwensimbi ngaphakathi kwephansi lamatshe kudinga izindlela zokulungisa ezibhekana nazo zombili izinto. Izinqubo zokuhlanza amatshe ezijwayelekile—ukusebenzisa izihlanzi ezingathathi hlangothi ze-pH kanye nama-soft mops—zifanele indawo yonke. Ukufakwa kwethusi nethusi kungadinga ukupholishwa njalo ngemikhiqizo ethile yensimbi ukuze kugcinwe ukukhanya kwayo kwasekuqaleni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukugqoka okucacile kwe-lacquer okusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kuvikela ithusi nethusi ekungcoleni iminyaka engu-5-8 ngaphambi kokuba kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe kabusha.
IIsikhungo Samatshe Emveloinikeza iziqondiso zokunakekelwa kwezindawo zamatshe ezihlanganisa izakhi zensimbi, igcizelela ukubaluleka kokugwema izihlanzi ezine-acid noma ze-alkaline ezihlasela izindawo zensimbi ngendlela ehlukile kunezetshe. Isihlanzi se-pH esingathathi hlangothi esisebangeni lika-6.5–8.5 sivikela zombili izinto ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okuvamile.
Ubuciko be-mosaic bemabula kanye namaqoqo amaphethini e-waterjetkhombisa uhla lwezinhlanganisela zamatshe nensimbi ezingatholakala ngokwenziwa kwe-waterjet ethuthukisiwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-inlay yensimbi kwandisa ulwazimagama lokuklama phansi kwamatshe ngaphezu kwalokho okungenzeka ngetshe lodwa.
Izindleko Zokucatshangelwa Kwemisebenzi Yokufaka Insimbi
I-inlay yensimbi ye-Waterjet ingeza u-30-60% ezindlekweni zokufakwa kwephansi lamatshe ajwayelekile, kuye ngobunzima bomklamo kanye nokukhethwa kwensimbi. Amaphethini alula emingcele asebenzisa i-inlay yethusi abiza u-$40-80 ngemitha eqondile eyenziwe futhi yafakwa. Ama-medallion enziwe ngokwezifiso anemibala eminingi yamatshe kanye ne-inlay yensimbi asukela ku-$500 kuya ku-$3,000 ngemitha yesikwele kuye ngobukhulu kanye nobunzima.
Ukufakwa kwensimbi ngethusi kuyindlela yensimbi engabizi kakhulu, ebiza ngaphansi ngo-15-25% kunensimbi engagqwali kanye no-30-40% ngaphansi kunethusi ngamanani emakethe yensimbi yamanje. Ubukhulu bensimbi obungu-3-5mm buhlinzeka ngokubonakala okwanele ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zezinto kanye nesikhathi sokusika. Ukutshalwa kwezimali phansi kwensimbi okufakwayo kubuyiswa ngokubukeka okuhlukile okuhlukanisa ukufakwa phansi nephansi lamatshe elijwayelekile.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ingabe i-waterjet metal inlay ingafakwa ezitezi zamatshe ezikhona?
Ukufakwa kwensimbi kungangezwa phansi kwamatshe akhona ngokusika iziteshi nge-waterjet ephathwayo noma ithuluzi lokugaya bese kufakwa imichilo yensimbi ibe yi-epoxy adhesive. Itshe elikhona kumele libe sesimweni esihle futhi linamathele ngokuqinile ku-substrate. Kungadingeka ukuhlanganisa imibala phakathi kwezinto zamatshe ezikhona nezintsha.
Ingabe ukufakwa kwensimbi kwenza kube nzima ukuhlanza phansi kwamatshe?
Ukufakwa kwensimbi akukuthinti kakhulu izinqubo zokuhlanza phansi kwamatshe. Ukususwa kothuli okujwayelekile kanye nokususwa okumanzi ngesihlanzi esingena-pH kwanele. Ukufakwa kwethusi nethusi kungase kukhule ukungcola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okudinga ukupholishwa njalo. Ukufakwa kwensimbi okumbozwe nge-lacquer akudingi ukuhlanzwa okukhethekile ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwetshe okujwayelekile.
Buyini ububanzi obuncane bezinsimbi zokufaka insimbi etsheni?
Ububanzi obuncane obusebenzayo bemichilo yensimbi esikiwe nge-waterjet buyi-3mm. Imichilo emincane kune-3mm iba buthakathaka ngesikhathi sokuphathwa futhi kube nzima ukuyihlanganisa ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Eziningi zezinhlelo zokwakha, imichilo yensimbi engu-5–8mm ububanzi inikeza ibhalansi engcono kakhulu yokuba khona okubonakalayo kanye nokuthembeka kokufakwa.
Ingabe insimbi ye-waterjet izoklwebha noma iguge ngendlela ehlukile kunetshe elizungezile?
Izindwangu zethusi nezethusi ziguga ngokushesha kunemabula futhi zizoklwebheka kalula kunetshe elizungezile. Izindwangu zensimbi engagqwali ziqinile kuneziningi zamatshe futhi zigcina ubuso bazo buphelele isikhathi eside. Zonke izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ekufakweni phansi zingaphinde zifakwe kabusha ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwamatshe ukuze kubuyekezwe ukubukeka kwendawo.
Ukufakwa kwensimbi ye-waterjet evamile kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?
Ukufakwa kwensimbi yejethi yamanzi okufakwe kahle kuhlala isikhathi sokuphila kwephansi lamatshe—ngokuvamile iminyaka engama-30-50 yokufakwa kwezindlu kanye neminyaka eyi-15-25 yokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano ngaphambi kokuba kudingeke ukushintshwa noma ukulungiswa okukhulu. Ukufakwa kwensimbi ngokwako akubi; isikhathi eside sokufakwa kuncike ekusebenzeni kwetshe kanye nokusebenza kwesisekelo.
Ingabe ukufakwa kwensimbi ye-waterjet kungahlanganiswa nezinhlelo zophansi ezifudumalayo?
Ukufakwa kwensimbi kuhambisana nezinhlelo zokushisa phansi ezikhazimulayo, uma nje izinto zokushisa zifakwe ngaphansi kwesisekelo setshe kunokuba zifakwe ngaphakathi kombhede wokubeka. Umehluko wokwanda kokushisa phakathi kwetshe nensimbi uhambisana nokubekwa okufanele kwamalunga. Umfaki wamatshe kumele axhumanise ukwakheka kwesistimu yokushisa nezindawo zamalunga okukhulisa.
Izinkomba Zangaphandle: Isikhungo Samatshe Emvelo | I-ASTM International | Ukuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo Ezijwayelekile zase-US (Izindinganiso zokwakha zikahulumeni)
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-10-2026