Mayelana noMlobi
UDkt. Liu Wei, Umqondisi we-R&D e-Ruifengyuan Stone
I-PhD kwiSayensi Yezinto Ezisetshenziswayo ngobuchwepheshe bokwenza amatshe. Yakha imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisa ukubaza kwendabuko kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwe-CNC kumaphrojekthi okwakha angaphezu kuka-180. Yashicilela ucwaningo ngamaphethini okugqoka amathuluzi ekushiseni amatshe ku-Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Izinto Ezibalulekile ze-TL;DR
- Ukukhethwa kwamatshe okugeza ehhotela kumele kubeke phambili ukusebenza kokuvikela amanzi kanye nobuhle obubonakalayo
- Imabula, i-granite, kanye ne-travertine ngayinye inamazinga ahlukile okubhoboka athinta ukufaneleka kwayo ezindaweni ezimanzi.
- Imvamisa yokuvala kanye nendlela kuyahlukahluka ngohlobo lwetshe kanye nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali omswakama kanye nokuhlanza
- Ukumelana nokushelela ezimweni ezimanzi kuyisici esibalulekile sokuphepha ekwakhiweni kwegumbi lokugezela lehhotela
Umklamo wegumbi lokugezela lehhotela uletha inselele eyingqayizivele ekusetshenzisweni kwamatshe. Ngokungafani nezindlu zangasese zokuhlala, izindlu zangasese zehhotela zibekezelela ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo, izinqubo zokuhlanza ngamandla, kanye nokulindelwa okuqinile kwezivakashi kokubili ubuhle kanye nokuhlanzeka. Ibhalansi phakathi kokunethezeka okubonakalayo kanye nokuvikela amanzi okusebenzayo kunquma ukuthi indlu yokugezela yehhotela iyabahlaba umxhwele yini izivakashi noma idala imithwalo yemfanelo yokulungisa. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwemboni yokungenisa izihambi, ikhwalithi yendlu yokugezela iphakathi kwezinto ezintathu eziphezulu ezithonya amaphuzu okwaneliseka kwezivakashi.
Ukuqonda Ukubhoboka Kwamatshe Nokumelana Nomswakama
I-porosity yamatshe inquma ngqo ukufaneleka kwezindawo zangasese ezimanzi. Imabula, ene-porosity ephakathi kuka-0.5% no-2%, imunca umswakama kalula kune-granite (0.2–0.5%) kodwa ingaphansi kwe-travertine (5–15%). Ezindaweni zokugezela zasehhotela, amatshe ane-porosity ephansi njenge-granite, i-basalt, ne-quartzite ende anikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwesikhathi eside.Isikhungo Samatshe Emveloinikeza ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga lokumuncwa okuqondisa ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa okumanzi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuvala amatshe buthuthuke kakhulu. Ama-sealers angena ngaphakathi ahlangana ngamakhemikhali ne-matrix yamatshe ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa komswakama ngaphandle kokushintsha ukubukeka kobuso. Ngokungafani nezingubo zangaphandle ezingahlubula noma ziphuzi, ama-sealers anamuhla angena ngaphakathi agcina ukubukeka kwetshe lemvelo ngenkathi enciphisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi ngo-60-80%. Izindlu zangasese zasehhotela ziyazuza ngokufaka ama-sealers ngezithasiselo zokulwa namagciwane ezivimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta kanye nesikhunta emigqeni yama-grout kanye nemigodi yamatshe.
Izindawo Zokugeza: Indawo Eyinselele Kakhulu
Izindonga zeshawa zimelela indawo emanzi kakhulu ezindlini zangasese zasehhotela. Ukukhethwa kwamatshe ezindonga zeshawa, phansi, kanye namabhentshi kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela amazinga okuchayeka emanzini. Izindonga zeshawa zemabula zinikeza ubuhle obungapheli kodwa zidinga ukuvalwa ngokucophelela nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo. Ukuqeda kwemabula okucwebezelisiwe kufihla amabala amanzi kangcono kunezindawo ezicwebezelisiwe, okwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa kweshawa lasehhotela.
Izinto zokwakha phansi kweshawa kumele zibhekane nokuphepha kokuvimbela amanzi kanye nokushelela. Indlela yokuhlola ye-ASTM C1028 ilinganisa i-coefficient of friction yezindawo zamatshe ezimanzi. Izinto ezine-COF emanzi ngaphezu kuka-0.6 zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha kwezentengiselwano. Ukuqeda amatshe anobunjwa, okuhlanganisa namaphethini okusikwa kwamanzi phansi kweshawa, kunikeza kokubili ukuphepha kanye nesithakazelo esibonakalayo.Izinketho zamathayili etshe lemvelongezindawo ezithambile zichazwa kabanzi ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeshawa lasehhotela.
Iziqongo ze-Vanity kanye nezindawo ze-Counter
Ama-vanity tops egumbi lokugezela emahhotela abhekana nokuchayeka nsuku zonke ezintweni zokugeza, izimonyo, kanye nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza. Ama-vanity tops e-marble asathandwa kakhulu emahhotela asezingeni eliphezulu naphezu kokuzwela kwawo emikhiqizweni ene-asidi. Ukuvama kokuvala ama-vanity tops ehhotela kufanele kulandele imininingwane yomkhiqizi ngokusekelwe emazingeni omgwaqo—ngokuvamile njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3-6 zokufakwa kwezentengiselwano.
Ama-vanity top etshe elimnyama, okuhlanganisa i-Nero Marquina kanye ne-Absolute Black granite, afihla amabala amanzi kanye nezinsalela zensipho kangcono kunamatshe anombala okhanyayo. Kodwa-ke, amamabula alula njenge-Calacatta kanye ne-Statuario abonisa ukuqoshwa kwezinto zokugeza kalula, okudinga impendulo esheshayo yokulungiswa.Izinketho ze-marble slab zezindlu zangasese zasehhotelakufanele kufake phakathi kokubili umthelela obonakalayo kanye nezidingo zokunakekelwa okungokoqobo.
Izindawo Zokugezela Ezizungezile kanye Nama-Table Amatshe Azimele
Amabhavu azimele amelela isiqongo sokunethezeka kwegumbi lokugezela lasehhotela. Aqoshwe ngamabhulokhi e-marble noma i-travertine, lawa mabhavu aba yizinto ezibalulekile kuma-suites aphezulu. Izidingo zesakhiwo samabhavu akhiwe ngamatshe zihlukile kwezinye izindlela ze-ceramic noma ze-acrylic. Izindonga zamabhavu amatshe kumele zigcine ubukhulu obuncane obungu-25-30mm ukuze zisekele isisindo samanzi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
Izindonga zobhavu kanye ne-decking zidinga ukufakwa kwe-membrane engangeni manzi ngaphansi kwetshe ukuvimbela ukufuduka komswakama ungene ngaphansi komhlaba.Amabhavu okugeza azimele e-Italian marbleOkuklanyelwe ukufakwa kwehhotela kuvame ukufaka amasu okukhiqiza aqinisiwe ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezentengiselwano.
Uphansi: Ukuvimbela Ukungenwa Kwamanzi Ngaphansi Kwezinyawo
Iphansi lendlu yokugezela yasehhotela kumele likwazi ukumelana nokuchayeka emanzini ngqo, ukuhlanzwa njalo, kanye nokugcwala kwezimoto ezingenazicathulo. Amathayela amatshe amakhulu anemigqa emincane ye-grout anciphisa izindawo zokungena kwamanzi. Ubukhulu bamathayela angu-600×600mm noma ngaphezulu anemiphetho elungisiwe kanye namajoyinti amancane e-grout adala indawo engangenwa manzi kakhulu kunamathayela amancane.
I-TCNA (Tile Council of North America) Handbook icacisa izidingo ze-membrane yokuvimbela amanzi ezindaweni ezimanzi zezentengiselwano. I-membrane esetshenziswa ngoketshezi eqhubekayo ngaphansi kwephansi lamatshe ivimbela ukufuduka komswakama nge-substrate, ivikela isakhiwo sesakhiwo futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwesikhunta. Uma ihlanganiswe nezitezi ezithambekele kahle eziqondisa amanzi emiseleni yamanzi, lolu hlelo lokuvimbela amanzi luqinisekisa ubuqotho besikhathi eside bendlu yokugezela.
Izinqubo Zokulungisa Itshe Legumbi Lokugeza Lasehhotela
Amatshe okugeza asehhotela adinga amashejuli okulungisa aqukethe amazinga aphezulu okusetshenziswa kunezindlu zangasese zokuhlala. Ukuhlanza nsuku zonke ngesihlanzi samatshe esingena-pH kuvimbela ukugcwala kwensipho kanye nokwakheka kwamanzi aqinile. Ukuhlolwa kwamasonto onke kwezindawo ezivaliwe kukhomba izindawo ezidinga ukuvalwa kabusha ngaphambi kokuba kungene umswakama.
Izihlanzi ezine-asidi ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni izindlu zangasese ehhotela zingalimaza izindawo zamatshe zingakapheli amasonto. Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi bokuhlanza izindlu ukuthi basebenzise imikhiqizo yokuhlanza ephephile ngamatshe kubalulekile ekulondolozeni ukubukeka kwamatshe.I-ASTM InternationalI-standard C1353 inikeza izindlela zokuhlola ukumelana nokuklwebheka kwamatshe abhekene nokuhamba ngezinyawo, okusiza abacacisi ukuthi bakhethe izinto ezifanele ukusetshenziswa phansi endlini yokugezela yasehhotela.
Ukuhlanganiswa Komklamo Wokuphathwa Kwamanzi
Umklamo wegumbi lokugezela lasehhotela ophumelelayo uhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwamanzi nokwakheka kwamatshe. Amapayipi okudonsa amanzi aqondile abekwe emaphethelweni eshawa esikhundleni sendawo ephakathi avumela phansi kwamatshe okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwamapayipi okudonsa amanzi aphazamisa ukugeleza kokubona. Ukungena kweshawa okungenamagophe okunephansi lamatshe elithambekele kahle kudala ukufinyelela okungenazithiyo ngenkathi kugcinwa ubuqotho bokungangeni manzi—isici sokuklama esilindeleke kakhulu ezindlini zangasese zasehhotela zikanokusho.
Amatshe emvelo acwebezelayo ezindawo zokugezelaUkuzuza ngokufanisa izincwadi, lapho ama-slab aseduze eveza khona amaphethini okuhlanganisa imithambo yomunye nomunye. Le ndlela idala ukuqhubeka okubonakalayo kuma-backsplashes angenalutho kanye nezindonga zeshawa okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ebonakalayo yendawo yokugezela yehhotela.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Yiliphi itshe elingcono kakhulu lezindonga zeshawa lehhotela?
Imabula iyindlela evame kakhulu yokukhetha izindonga zeshawa zasehhotela elibizayo, kanti iCalacatta neStatuario ziyizinhlobo ezikhethwayo. Ukuqeda okucwebezelisiwe kufihla amabala amanzi kangcono kunokupholishwa. I-Granite ne-quartzite zinikeza ukumelana nomswakama okuphezulu. Zonke izindonga zeshawa zamatshe zidinga ukufakwa kwe-sealer engene ngaphakathi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kanye nokuvalwa kabusha njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-6-12.
Izitezi zangasese zamatshe zingenziwa kanjani ukuthi zingasheleli?
Ukuqedwa okucwebezelisiwe, okunesikhumba, noma okunemithungo kunikeza ukubamba okungcono okumanzi kunezindawo ezipholishiwe. Amathayili e-mosaic amancane anezindawo ezinombala andisa ubuningi bomugqa we-grout, okuthuthukisa ukubamba. Amanye amatshe angathola ukwelashwa okumelana nokushelela, yize lokhu kudinga ukufakelwa kabusha. Njalo qinisekisa amanani e-COF amanzi adlula u-0.6 ekusetshenzisweni kwendlu yangasese yezentengiselwano.
Ingabe amabhavu okugeza amatshe adinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile kokufakwa?
Amabhavu okugeza amatshe adinga phansi okuqinisiwe okukwazi ukusekela ama-500–800 kg uma egcwele amanzi kanye nabantu abahlala kuwo. Ukuthambeka okufanele kokukhipha amanzi, ulwelwesi olungangeni manzi ngaphansi kwebhavu, kanye namaphaneli okufinyelela okulungisa amapayipi kubalulekile. Ukufakwa kochwepheshe ngabakhi bamatshe abanolwazi kuvimbela izinkinga zokuqhekeka kanye nokuvuza.
Ukunakekelwa kwamatshe okugeza ehhotela kuhluke kanjani endaweni yokuhlala?
Izindlu zangasese zasehhotela zibekezelela izikhathi eziphindwe kathathu kuya kahlanu zokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kunezindlu zangasese zokuhlala. Ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali okuhlanza kuphakeme futhi kuvame kakhulu. Amatshe asehhotela adinga abavali bezindlu abasezingeni lokuhweba, ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe kwekota, kanye nabasebenzi bokuhlanza izindlu abaqeqeshwe ngezinqubo zokuhlanza eziphephile ngamatshe. Izikhawu zokuvala kabusha zivame ukuba yisigamu salezo ezinconywa ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya.
Ingabe i-travertine ingasetshenziswa ezitezi zokugezela zasehhotela?
I-Travertine ayifaneleki kangako phansi kweshawa ngenxa yobuningi bayo obungama-porosity (5-15%) kanye nemigodi yemvelo ebamba umswakama namagciwane. Uma i-travertine ikhethwa ngezizathu zobuhle, kudingeka i-sealer efaka umswakama osindayo kanye nemigodi engaphezulu egcwele i-epoxy. Amamabula aminyene noma ama-granite ayizinketho ezisebenziseka kalula zokusetshenziswa phansi kweshawa.
Yiluphi uhlelo lokuvimbela amanzi olunconywayo ngaphansi kwetshe lokugeza?
Izindwangu ezingangeni manzi ezisetshenziswa uketshezi njalo ziyindinganiso yemboni yokufakwa kwamatshe okugeza ebhizinisini. Lezi zindwangu ezithambile zivala imifantu futhi zinikeze ukuvikela amanzi okungenamthungo. Uma zihlanganiswe nemithambeka yokudonsa amanzi efakwe kahle kanye nemigodi yokuwasha, lolu hlelo luvimbela ukulimala komswakama ngenkathi luvumela izinzuzo zobuhle betshe lemvelo.
Izinkomba Zangaphandle: Isikhungo Samatshe Emvelo | I-ASTM International | UMkhandlu Wethayela WaseNyakatho Melika
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-18-2026